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1.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 11(2): 1-17, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193769

RESUMO

Nuestro objetivo es lograr un relato de los detalles anatómicos que ayude al cirujano a conseguir intervenciones seguras, se elude el estilo de las anatomías descriptivas o topográficas tratando de producir una anatomía verdaderamente quirúrgica. Para ello se mencionan las fascias, estructuras capsulares y ligamentos que envuelven a la tiroides. Se hace hincapié en la vascularización, principalmente en lo referente a la arteria tiroidea inferior, fundamental para la localización del nervio recurrente. También en lo relacionado con el conjunto del drenaje venoso, que con su complicada distribución dificulta notablemente la disección. Relatamos minuciosamente las variantes anatómicas y las anomalías que afectan a la estructura de la región, su conocimiento es fundamental ante la posibilidad de que el cirujano encuentre en sus operaciones alguna de ellas. Describimos el aspecto, las relaciones y lo referente a la localización de las glándulas paratiroides, detalles necesarios para evitar su resección inopinada en las tiroidectomías y para el reconocimiento de la glándula patológica en el hiperparatiroidismo


The aim of this article is describe the anatomical details that helps the surgeon to achieve safe surgeries, the style of descriptive or topographic anatomies is avoided trying to produce a truly surgical anatomy. For this, fascias, capsular structures and ligaments that surround the thyroid gland are mentioned. Emphasis is placed on vascularization, mainly in relation to the inferior thyroid artery, essential for the location of the recurrent nerve. Also in relation to the whole of the venous drainage, which with its complicated distribution makes dissection remarkably difficult. We carefully describe the anatomical variants and the anomalies that affect the structures of the region, their knowledge is fundamental to the possibility that the surgeons finds in their surgeries. We describe the appearance, the relationships and the reference to the location of the parathyroid glans. Neccesary details to avoid their inopinate resection in thyroidectomies and for the recognition of the pathological gland in the hyperparathyroidism


Assuntos
Humanos , Glândula Tireoide/anatomia & histologia , Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Glândulas Paratireoides/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Paratireoides/cirurgia , Fáscia/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente/anatomia & histologia , Nervos Laríngeos/anatomia & histologia , Nervos Laríngeos/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia , Hiperparatireoidismo/cirurgia , Dissecação/métodos , Músculos Laríngeos/anatomia & histologia , Músculos Laríngeos/cirurgia , Tireoide Lingual/cirurgia , Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente/cirurgia
2.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 68(3): 145-150, mayo-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162592

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes con obstruccción nasal (ON) a fin de cuantificar el éxito terapéutico mediante una rinomanometría anterior activa (RAA), la escala de Evaluación de los Síntomas de Obstrucción Nasal (NOSE) y la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA), y determinar la correlación que existe entre las pruebas. Métodos: Realizamos RAA y valoración subjetiva mediante las escalas NOSE y EVA a pacientes con ON antes y después del tratamiento médico (corticoides tópicos) o quirúrgico (septoplastia, turbinoplastia o septoturbinoplastia). Comparamos y analizamos los resultados de las puntuaciones obtenidas en ambas escalas subjetivas (NOSE y VAS) con las mediciones en la RAA. Resultados: Un total de 102 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de selección. Los resultados muestran que la mejoría de la ON, tras tratamiento quirúrgico, es evaluada más positivamente si la herramienta de medición es la RAA. Por el contrario, el tratamiento médico mejora el flujo nasal medido con la RAA, pero sin significación estadística (p=0,1363). Medimos la correlación entre RAA, escalas NOSE y EVA y hallamos solo una correlación positiva entre las escalas NOSE y EVA (r=0,83327). Conclusiones: Los pacientes quirúrgicamente tratados por ON presentan mejores resultados cuando estos se evalúan mediante RAA o con escalas subjetivas. No existe una correlación significativa entre RAA y las escalas NOSE y EVA; esto se considera debido a que la RAA y las escalas subjetivas son complementarias y miden diferentes aspectos de ON. La RAA y las escalas subjetivas son instrumentos útiles para emplearlos de forma conjunta en el seguimiento de pacientes con ON (AU)


Introduction: Prospective study of patients with nasal obstruction (NO) in order to measure therapeutic success by anterior active rhinomanometry (AAR), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and to establish the correlation between these tests. Methods: Patients with NO, on whom we performed an AAR, NOSE and VAS scales at baseline and after medical treatment (topical nasal steroid) or surgery (septoplasty, turbinoplasty or septoplasty and turbinoplasty). The nasal flow obtained by the AAR and the score of both subjective scales (NOSE and VAS) were compared and analyzed. Results: A total of 102 patients were included in the study. Surgical treatment resulted in statistically significant differences with the AAR and the subjective scales. While in patients with medical treatment there was an increase in the AAR nasal flow but without statistical significance (P=.1363). The correlation between the AAR, the NOSE and VAS scales was measured finding a strong correlation between the NOSE and VAS scales only (r=.83327). Conclusions: The patients with NO treated surgically have better results when these are evaluated by AAR or with subjective scales. There is no significant correlation between AAR, NOSE and VAS scales, this is considered to be because the AAR and subjective scales are complementary and measure different aspects of NO. The AAR and subjective scales are useful tools to be used together for the follow up of patients with NO (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Rinomanometria/métodos , Obstrução Nasal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Nasal/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Escala Visual Analógica , Mau Alinhamento Ósseo/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem
3.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27780551

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Prospective study of patients with nasal obstruction (NO) in order to measure therapeutic success by anterior active rhinomanometry (AAR), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and to establish the correlation between these tests. METHODS: Patients with NO, on whom we performed an AAR, NOSE and VAS scales at baseline and after medical treatment (topical nasal steroid) or surgery (septoplasty, turbinoplasty or septoplasty and turbinoplasty). The nasal flow obtained by the AAR and the score of both subjective scales (NOSE and VAS) were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were included in the study. Surgical treatment resulted in statistically significant differences with the AAR and the subjective scales. While in patients with medical treatment there was an increase in the AAR nasal flow but without statistical significance (P=.1363). The correlation between the AAR, the NOSE and VAS scales was measured finding a strong correlation between the NOSE and VAS scales only (r=.83327). CONCLUSIONS: The patients with NO treated surgically have better results when these are evaluated by AAR or with subjective scales. There is no significant correlation between AAR, NOSE and VAS scales, this is considered to be because the AAR and subjective scales are complementary and measure different aspects of NO. The AAR and subjective scales are useful tools to be used together for the follow up of patients with NO.


Assuntos
Obstrução Nasal/diagnóstico , Rinomanometria , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstrução Nasal/tratamento farmacológico , Obstrução Nasal/etiologia , Obstrução Nasal/cirurgia , Septo Nasal/cirurgia , Medição da Dor , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Rinite/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Avaliação de Sintomas , Resultado do Tratamento , Conchas Nasais/cirurgia
4.
Rev. esp. cir. oral maxilofac ; 37(4): 239-242, oct.-dic. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-145168

RESUMO

Objective. To present a case of sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the parotid gland, highlighting the probable etiology and the benign behavior of these cases. Case report. A woman of 22 years old had a right parotid mass with a slowly progressive growth associated with a chronic infection due to Epstein–Barr virus. Initially, it was asymptomatic and subsequently the patient developed light dysesthesias in the region. A superficial parotidectomy was done and the microscopic study informed SPA. Conclusion. The SPA is similar to the fibrocystic changes, sclerosing adenosis and adenoid tumors of the mammary gland. The main location of the SPA is the parotid gland and it is considered a disease due to a pseudotumoral inflammatory reaction with a possible association with the Epstein–Barr virus. There is evidence that monoclonal cell populations exist. The treatment consists in excision of the tumor with a superficial parotidectomy, which has demonstrated high cure rates (AU)


Objetivo. Presentar un caso de adenosis poliquística esclerosante (APE) de la glándula parótida, destacando la etiología probable y el comportamiento benigno de estos casos. Caso clínico. Mujer de 22 años con una masa parotídea derecha de crecimiento lentamente progresivo asociada con una infección crónica por el virus de Epstein–Barr. Inicialmente, era asintomática y posteriormente desarrolló disestesias ligeras en la región. Se realiza una parotidectomía superficial y el resultado histopatológico es de APE. Conclusión. La APE muestra cambios histopatológicos similares a los hallados en la enfermedad fibroquística, adenosis esclerosante y los tumores adenoideos de la glándula mamaria. La ubicación salivar principal de la APE es la glándula parótida y se trata de una enfermedad causada por una reacción inflamatoria pseudotumoral con una posible asociación con el virus de Epstein–Barr. Hay pruebas de que existen poblaciones celulares monoclonales. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, siendo la parotidectomía superficial la técnica de elección al haber demostrado tasas de curación elevadas (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Glândula Parótida/cirurgia , Glândula Parótida , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/complicações , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/cirurgia , Doenças Parotídeas/patologia , Cistos/patologia , Cistos/cirurgia
5.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 66(1): 16-27, ene.-feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131796

RESUMO

Introducción: Existen numerosas prótesis diseñadas con el fin de sustituir elementos osiculares en el oído medio. En este trabajo presentamos el diseño de una nueva prótesis de sustitución osicular total anclada en el mango del martillo y analizamos su comportamiento mecanoacústico teórico. Métodos: Para el diseño de la prótesis hemos utilizado el método de los elementos finitos (FEM) basándonos en un modelo computarizado 3D dinámico del oído medio humano, analizando su comportamiento mecánico. Resultados: La prótesis resultante presenta un comportamiento mecanoacústico teórico superponible al del oído humano sano. Posee, además, otras ventajas biológicas como son estabilidad y la facilidad de implantación. Conclusiones: La simulación computarizada puede ser utilizada para diseñar y optimizar las características vibroacústicas de prótesis implantables en el oído medio. Mostramos la eficiencia mecanoacústica de un nuevo diseño de prótesis de maleovestibulopexia útil en la reconstrucción de la cadena osicular (AU)


Introduction and Objective: Many designs of prostheses are available for middle ear surgery. In this study we propose a design for a new prosthesis, which optimises mechanical performance in the human middle ear and improves some deficiencies in the prostheses currently available. Our objective was to design and assess the theoretical acoustic-mechanical behaviour of this new total ossicular replacement prosthesis. Methods: The design of this new prosthesis was based on an animal model (an iguana). For the modelling and mechanical analysis of the new prosthesis, we used a dynamic 3D computer model of the human middle ear, based on the finite elements method (FEM). Results: The new malleovestibulopexy prosthesis design demonstrates an acoustical-mechanical performance similar to that of the healthy human middle ear. This new design also has additional advantages, such as ease of implantation and stability in the middle ear. Conclusions: This study shows that computer simulation can be used to design and optimise the vibroacoustic characteristics of middle ear implants and demonstrates the effectiveness of a new malleovestibulopexy prosthesis in reconstructing the ossicular chain (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Experimentação Animal , Orelha Média/fisiologia , Implantes Experimentais , Implantes Experimentais/veterinária , Próteses e Implantes , Prótese Ossicular , Prótese Ossicular/veterinária , Iguanas , Modelos Animais , Computação em Informática Médica , Testes de Impedância Acústica/métodos , Titânio
6.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 66(1): 16-27, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24852513

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Many designs of prostheses are available for middle ear surgery. In this study we propose a design for a new prosthesis, which optimises mechanical performance in the human middle ear and improves some deficiencies in the prostheses currently available. Our objective was to design and assess the theoretical acoustic-mechanical behaviour of this new total ossicular replacement prosthesis. METHODS: The design of this new prosthesis was based on an animal model (an iguana). For the modelling and mechanical analysis of the new prosthesis, we used a dynamic 3D computer model of the human middle ear, based on the finite elements method (FEM). RESULTS: The new malleovestibulopexy prosthesis design demonstrates an acoustical-mechanical performance similar to that of the healthy human middle ear. This new design also has additional advantages, such as ease of implantation and stability in the middle ear. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that computer simulation can be used to design and optimise the vibroacoustic characteristics of middle ear implants and demonstrates the effectiveness of a new malleovestibulopexy prosthesis in reconstructing the ossicular chain.


Assuntos
Simulação por Computador , Orelha Média/anatomia & histologia , Modelos Biológicos , Prótese Ossicular , Acústica , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Humanos , Iguanas , Substituição Ossicular , Desenho de Prótese , Titânio , Vibração
8.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 63(6): 443-449, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108116

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: Aunque no es conocido por buena parte de los cirujanos de cabeza y cuello, el tubérculo de Zuckerkandl es un detalle anatomoquirúrgico fundamental, descrito ya en el siglo XIX; su detección tiene gran importancia al servir de referencia en la búsqueda del nervio recurrente y de la glándula paratiroides superior. Material y método: Diseñamos un estudio descriptivo prospectivo para analizar el borde posterolateral de los lóbulos tiroideos buscando esta formación. Incluimos 107 tiroidectomías realizadas por un mismo cirujano, 88 son tiroidectomías totales (82,24%) y 19 hemitiroidectomías (17,75%); con lo que se disecaron 195 lóbulos tiroideos. El tubérculo de Zuckerkandl debe buscarse luxando hacia fuera el borde posterolateral de los lóbulos tiroideos. Resultados: Se detecta con seguridad en 155 lóbulos tiroideos (79,48%). El tubérculo tiene unas dimensiones medias de 11 mm de eje transversal, 9 mm de eje longitudinal. La forma del tubérculo de Zuckerkandl es sesil (70,96%) o pediculada (29,03%). En el 5,80% de los casos el extremo distal del tubérculo de Zuckerkandl es bífido. No encontramos un tubérculo de Zuckerkandl individualizado a modo de tiroides ectópico (0,00%). El tubérculo de Zuckerkandl es más frecuente en el lóbulo tiroideo derecho (p=0,06). Conclusión: El tubérculo de Zuckerkandl se reconoce por su situación, forma y dimensiones(AU)


Introduction and objective: Although Zuckerkandl's tubercle is not known by many head and neck surgeons, it is a fundamental surgical anatomical detail, already described in the nineteenth century. Its detection is of great importance as the reference in the search for the recurrent nerve and superior parathyroid gland. Material and method: We designed a prospective study to analyse the posterolateral border of thyroid lobes, looking for this tubercle. We included 107 thyroidectomies performed by the same surgeon; 88 were total thyroidectomies (82.24%) and 19 hemithyroidectomies (17.75%), with dissection of a total of 195 thyroid lobes. Zuckerkandl's tubercle should be sought by displacing the posterolateral margin of the thyroid lobes. Results: It was reliably detected in 155 thyroid lobes (79.48%). The mean tubercle dimensions were 11 mm transverse axis and 9 mm longitudinal axis. The shape of the Zuckerkandl's tubercle was sessile (70.96%) or pedunculated (29.03%). In the 5.80% of cases, the Zuckerkandl's tubercle distal end was bifid. We did not find a Zuckerkandl's tubercle individualised as an ectopic thyroid (0.00%). Zuckerkandl's tubercle was more frequent in the right thyroid lobe (P=.06). Conclusion: Zuckerkandl's tubercle is recognised by its location, shape and dimensions(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Glomos Para-Aórticos/patologia , Tireoidectomia , Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Glândula Tireoide/patologia
9.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 63(6): 443-9, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22818783

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Although Zuckerkandl's tubercle is not known by many head and neck surgeons, it is a fundamental surgical anatomical detail, already described in the nineteenth century. Its detection is of great importance as the reference in the search for the recurrent nerve and superior parathyroid gland. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We designed a prospective study to analyse the posterolateral border of thyroid lobes, looking for this tubercle. We included 107 thyroidectomies performed by the same surgeon; 88 were total thyroidectomies (82.24%) and 19 hemithyroidectomies (17.75%), with dissection of a total of 195 thyroid lobes. Zuckerkandl's tubercle should be sought by displacing the posterolateral margin of the thyroid lobes. RESULTS: It was reliably detected in 155 thyroid lobes (79.48%). The mean tubercle dimensions were 11 mm transverse axis and 9 mm longitudinal axis. The shape of the Zuckerkandl's tubercle was sessile (70.96%) or pedunculated (29.03%). In the 5.80% of cases, the Zuckerkandl's tubercle distal end was bifid. We did not find a Zuckerkandl's tubercle individualised as an ectopic thyroid (0.00%). Zuckerkandl's tubercle was more frequent in the right thyroid lobe (P=.06). CONCLUSION: Zuckerkandl's tubercle is recognised by its location, shape and dimensions.


Assuntos
Glândula Tireoide/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Estudos Prospectivos , Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia , Adulto Jovem
13.
Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp ; 58(6): 246-51, 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17663944

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND GOALS: The columella of birds, often cited in the literature, has yet to be adequately described. We aim to give an account of this transmission element, describing its anchoring systems and detailing the muscle associated to it. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed microscopic dissection and obtained images of ostrich specimens (Struthio camelus), chosen because it is the bird with the largest head. RESULTS: We describe the columella: the osseous tripod formed on its external section (extracolumella), the conic shape of its inner section (stapedial), and links to the tympanic membrane and the oval window. We describe its anchoring system: posterior ligament and annular ligament. We conclude by describing the characteristics of the columella muscle, its insertions and the fibrous vein surrounding it. CONCLUSIONS: The avian middle ear is a valid model for understanding the mechanical characteristics of the human ear repaired with total ossicular replacement prosthesis, ie replacement of the ossicular chain by a single element. We highlight an apparent contradiction: the existing muscle is inserted into the columella in an area close to the tympanic membrane rather than adjacent to the oval window.


Assuntos
Orelha Média/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Ossículos da Orelha/anatomia & histologia , Ossículos da Orelha/fisiologia , Orelha Média/fisiologia , Músculos/anatomia & histologia , Som , Struthioniformes
14.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 58(6): 246-251, jun.-jul. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055472

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: La columela de las aves, citada frecuentemente en la literatura, no aparece descrita convenientemente. Pretendemos mostrar este elemento de transmisión sonora precisando sus sistemas de anclaje y fijación y detallando el músculo de que dispone. Material y método: Realizamos una disección microscópica de especímenes de avestruz (Struthio camelus), y obtuvimos y procesamos imágenes de éstos. Escogimos este animal por ser el ave con mayor tamaño cefálico. Resultados: Se describe la columela: el trípode óseo que se forma en su porción externa (extracolumela), la forma cónica de su porción interna (estapedial), sus relaciones con la membrana timpánica y con la ventana oval. Mostramos sus medios de anclaje: ligamento posterior y ligamento anular. Relatamos las características del músculo de la columela, sus inserciones y la potente vaina fibrosa que lo rodea. Conclusiones: El oído medio de las aves es un modelo válido para la comprensión de las características mecánicas del oído humano, en el que se sustituye la cadena osicular por un solo elemento de transmisión sonora. Denotamos una aparente paradoja: el músculo existente se inserta en la columela en un lugar próximo a la membrana timpánica, en vez de en la proximidad de la ventana oval


Introduction and goals: The columella of birds, often cited in the literature, has yet to be adequately described. We aim to give an account of this transmission element, describing its anchoring systems and detailing the muscle associated to it. Material and method: We performed microscopic dissection and obtained images of ostrich specimens (Struthio camelus), chosen because it is the bird with the largest head. Results: We describe the columella: the osseous tripod formed on its external section (extracolumella), the conic shape of its inner section (stapedial), and links to the tympanic membrane and the oval window. We describe its anchoring system: posterior ligament and annular ligament. We conclude by describing the characteristics of the columella muscle, its insertions and the fibrous vein surrounding it. Conclusions: The avian middle ear is a valid model for understanding the mechanical characteristics of the human ear repaired with total ossicular replacement prosthesis, ie replacement of the ossicular chain by a single element. We highlight an apparent contradiction: the existing muscle is inserted into the columella in an area close to the tympanic membrane rather than adjacent to the oval window


Assuntos
Animais , Testes de Impedância Acústica , Ossículos da Orelha/fisiologia , Orelha Média/anatomia & histologia , Orelha Média/fisiologia , Otopatias/veterinária , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica/fisiopatologia , Struthioniformes
15.
O.R.L.-DIPS ; 30(1): 34-39, ene. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-21597

RESUMO

Existe una clara división, por lo que se refiere al tratamiento médico o quirúrgico, de las distintas patologías que pueden afectar a la cabeza y el cuello, consideración dicotómica que también puede extrapolarse a la patología del oído. No obstante algunas enfermedades de asiento ORL cuyo tratamiento se considera exclusivamente médico (como las infecciones localizadas y no complicadas) pueden precisar del tratamiento quirúrgico en determinadas situaciones. Mostramos dos historias clínicas de sendos pacientes que acudieron a nuestro Servicio presentando patologías infecciosas del oído externo tratadas con múltiples terapéuticas y que, finalmente, fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico para conseguir la total resolución de la enfermedad debido a la ausencia de respuesta al tratamiento médico instaurado. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar que el padecimiento de una patología cuyo tratamiento es esencialmente médico no supone una contraindicación para que, ante determinadas situaciones de la propia enfermedad o del paciente, se opte por tratar quirúrgicamente las lesiones (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Orelha Externa/cirurgia , Otite Externa/cirurgia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/cirurgia , Tobramicina/uso terapêutico , Espectrometria gama , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações
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